Poverty and Centralization in Ayacucho, Puno & Cajamarca

The poverty rate in the country so far 
According to the INEI, in 2020 poverty affected 30,1% of the Peruvian population, and because of the economic reactivation after the first year of Covid, it was expected that by 2021 poverty decreased 5%, but it is still one of the highest rates in the last 8 years.

Poverty by department 
        I. Ayacucho 
        According to ENAHO, the department of Piura has 850,765 inhabitants, of which 46.4% live in poverty and extreme poverty will be 12.7% in 2022. The first group with the highest levels of poverty is Ayacucho, whose monetary poverty ranges between 41.4% and 45.9%.
        II. Cajamarca
        The department of Cajamarca has 1.341 million inhabitants, of which 51.1% live in poverty. Its monetary poverty ranges between 42% and 44%.
        III. Puno
        The department of Puno has 1.173 million inhabitants, of which 53% live in poverty. Its monetary poverty ranges between 40% and 43%.
Centralization in the poorest departments
        I. Ayacucho 
        As a consequence of internal migration, Ayacucho has lost its predominantly rural character in the last sixty years. The urbanization process was accentuated between 1981 and 1993 due to compulsory migration. At the moment we know that all the regions have their centralized place, which in this case would be human, being in the "coast" area of ​​Ayacucho and being able to find many tourist and economic areas.
        II. Cajamarca
        The government of Ollanta Humala was a setback in decentralization due to budget cuts to regional governments in an attempt to make the provinces completely dependent on government assistance. Cajamarca was one of the most affected departments because it got a budget cut of S/.26’154,313.00 soles.
        III. Puno
        Recently, Puno was chosen to be the host of the Decentralized Session of the Council of Ministers. This event will allow the establishment of actions aimed at a true decentralization and the development of health, education, irrigation, highways, and other projects for the provinces of the entire Region.


Bibliography:
  • COMEXPERÚ. (2021, May 21). El 41.7% de los peruanos son pobres multidimensionales. [41.7% of Peruvians are multidimensionally poor]. COMEXPERÚ. https://www.comexperu.org.pe/articulo/el-417-de-los-peruanos-son-pobres-multidimensionales
  • INEI PERÚ. (2021, May 14). Pobreza monetaria alcanzó al 30,1% de la población del país durante el año 2020. [Monetary poverty reached 30.1% of the country's population during the year 2020]. INEI PERÚ. https://www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/pobreza-monetaria-alcanzo-al-301-de-la-poblacion-del-pais-durante-el-ano-2020-12875/
  • Redacción RPP. (2020, September 15). Pobreza en el Perú aumentaría abruptamente a 27% este año. [Poverty in Peru could rise sharply to 27% this year]. RPP NOTICIAS. https://rpp.pe/economia/economia/pobreza-en-el-peru-aumentaria-abruptamente-a-27-este-ano-macroconsult-midis-vulnerabilidad-economia-familiar-noticia-1292626 
  • Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusion Social. (2022) . Reporte Regional de Indicadores Sociales del Departamento de Ayacucho. [Regional Report of Social Indicators of the Department of Ayacucho] (p. 1). Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social. http://sdv.midis.gob.pe/redinforma/Upload/regional/AYACUCHO.pdf
  • Matta, S. (2014). El centralismo humalista sabotea la descentralización. [Humalist centralism sabotages decentralization]. Portal Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca. https://portal.regioncajamarca.gob.pe/noticias/el-centralismo-humalista-sabotea-la-descentralizaci-n 
  • Aruquipa, L. (2022, March 24). Puno será sede del Consejo de Ministros Descentralizado el 8 de abril. [Puno will host the Decentralized Council of Ministers on April 8]. Plataforma digital única del Estado Peruano. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/regionpuno/noticias/594921-puno-sera-sede-del-consejo-de-ministros-descentralizado-el-8-de-abril

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